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He stated that he was aware of similar work in the UK, but didn't know enough about it to offer any suggestions. Edward George Bowen, developer of the first airborne radar systems, was also at the 20 December meeting. Orders for initial systems were sent out at a follow-up meeting on 20 December 1940. This led to the "Precision Navigational Equipment for Guiding Airplanes" specification, which was sent back to the Microwave Committee and formed up as "Project 3". He predicted that such a system could provide an accuracy of at least 1,000 feet (300 m) at a range of 200 miles (320 km), and a maximum range of 300–500 miles (480–800 km) for high-flying aircraft.
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Army Signal Corps' Technical Committee, Alfred Loomis, chair of the Microwave Committee, proposed building a hyperbolic navigation system. operators were limited to maximums of 200 to 500 watts during the day and 50 to 200 watts at night. These same frequencies were used by radio amateurs, in the amateur radio 160-meter band, and amateur operators were under strict rules to operate at reduced power levels to avoid interference depending on their location and distance to the shore, U.S. Loran-A used two frequency bands, at 1.85 and 1.95 MHz. A Japanese chain remained on the air until, and a Chinese chain was still listed as active as of 2000. Loran-A was dismantled starting in the 1970s it remained active in North America until 1980 and the rest of the world until 1985. The widespread introduction of inexpensive microelectronics during the 1960s caused Loran-C receivers to drop in price dramatically, and Loran-A use began to rapidly decline. This was due largely to the large numbers of surplus Loran-A units released from the Navy as ships and aircraft replaced their sets with Loran-C.
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In spite of the dramatically improved performance of Loran-C, LORAN, now known as Loran-A (or "Standard LORAN"), would become much more popular during this period. Coast Guard took over operations of both systems in 1958. Air Force worked on a different concept, Cyclan, which the Navy took over as Loran-C, which offered longer range than LORAN and accuracy of hundreds of feet. Navy began development of Loran-B, which offered accuracy on the order of a few tens of feet, but ran into significant technical problems. Automated receivers became available in the 1950s, but the same improved electronics also opened the possibility of new systems with higher accuracy. This limited use to the military and large commercial users. LORAN, in its original form, was an expensive system to implement, requiring a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. It was first used for ship convoys crossing the Atlantic Ocean, and then by long-range patrol aircraft, but found its main use on the ships and aircraft operating in the Pacific theater during World War II. It was similar to the UK's Gee system but operated at lower frequencies in order to provide an improved range up to 1,500 miles (2,400 km) with an accuracy of tens of miles.
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LORAN, short for long range navigation, was a hyperbolic radio navigation system developed in the United States during World War II. It was built in two parts to match the UK's Gee system, and could be swapped with Gee in a few minutes. The AN/APN-4 was an airborne LORAN receiver used into the 1960s.
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